Ulangan 4:26
Konteks4:26 I invoke heaven and earth as witnesses against you 1 today that you will surely and swiftly be removed 2 from the very land you are about to cross the Jordan to possess. You will not last long there because you will surely be 3 annihilated.
Yeremia 22:29
Konteks22:29 O land of Judah, land of Judah, land of Judah! 4
Listen to what the Lord has to say!
Mikha 1:2
Konteks1:2 Listen, all you nations! 5
Pay attention, all inhabitants of earth! 6
The sovereign Lord will testify 7 against you;
[4:26] 1 sn I invoke heaven and earth as witnesses against you. This stock formula introduces what is known form-critically as a רִיב (riv) or controversy pattern. It is commonly used in the ancient Near Eastern world in legal contexts and in the OT as a forensic or judicial device to draw attention to Israel’s violation of the
[4:26] 2 tn Or “be destroyed”; KJV “utterly perish”; NLT “will quickly disappear”; CEV “you won’t have long to live.”
[4:26] 3 tn Or “be completely” (so NCV, TEV). It is not certain here if the infinitive absolute indicates the certainty of the following action (cf. NIV) or its degree.
[22:29] 4 tn There is no certain explanation for the triple repetition of the word “land” here. F. B. Huey (Jeremiah, Lamentations [NAC], 209) suggests the idea of exasperation, but exasperation at what? Their continued apostasy which made these exiles necessary? Or exasperation at their pitiful hopes of seeing Jeconiah restored? Perhaps “pitiful, pitiful, pitiful land of Judah” would convey some of the force of the repetition without being any more suggestive of why the land is so addressed.
[1:2] 5 tn Heb “O peoples, all of them.”
[1:2] 6 tn Heb “O earth and all its fullness”; KJV “and all that therein is.”
[1:2] 7 tn Heb “May the sovereign
[1:2] 8 tn Heb “the
[1:2] 9 tn Or “his holy temple” (KJV, NAB, NASB, NIV, NRSV, NLT). This refers to the Lord’s dwelling in heaven, however, rather than the temple in Jerusalem (note the following verse, which describes a theophany).